https://prairiebotanist.com/2026/03/02/reason-for-optimism-long-term-results-from-planting-prairie-into-live-exotic-cool-season-grass-sod/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/img_0048.jpegIMG_00482026-03-02T23:00:31+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/11/10/tallgrass-prairie-biological-soil-crusts/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/455150825_905542104936948_4241311398362583012_n.jpg455150825_905542104936948_4241311398362583012_nhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-8.jpegImage 8https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-7.jpgImage 7https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-6.jpegImage 6https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-5.jpegImage 5https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-4.jpegImage 4https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-3-1.jpegImage 3https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-3.jpegImage 3https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-2-1.jpgImage 2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-2.jpgImage 22026-02-28T15:42:03+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2025/03/20/fascinating-read-on-indigenous-settlement-in-oak-landscapes/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/summit-march-2.jpegSummit March 22026-01-26T20:00:26+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2022/01/21/botanists-are-not-ruining-prairies/2025-02-22T11:18:34+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/09/08/stability-part-two-why-i-seldom-recommend-grazing/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/figure-5.pngFigure 5https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/figure-4.pngFigure 4https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/figure-3.pngFigure 3https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/figure-2.pngFigure 2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/figure-1.pngFigure 12024-12-14T23:35:13+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/08/29/conservations-most-pressing-questions/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/img_1710.jpegIMG_17102024-08-30T00:48:45+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/07/09/sharing-some-wisdom/2024-07-10T00:45:55+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/background/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/bivariate-relationships-all-sources-and-sites1.jpgbivariate relationships all sources and siteshttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/bivariate-relationships-all-sources-and-sites.jpgbivariate relationships all sources and siteshttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03390.jpgDSC03390https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03136.jpgDSC03136https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc024902.jpgDSC024902024-07-01T02:37:29+00:00weekly0.6https://prairiebotanist.com/2024/05/17/sun-sedge-old-friend/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/img_0883.jpegimg_0883https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cinopsleftcpenright.jpegcinopsleftcpenrighthttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cinopstopcpenbottom.jpegcinopstopcpenbottomhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cinopsperigynium.jpegcinopsperigyniumhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/carex-inops-ssp.-heliophila.jpegcarex-inops-ssp.-heliophilahttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/inopsflower.jpginopsflower2024-05-17T16:51:06+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/04/30/sharing-the-persistent-threats-of-dominance-and-hierarchy-by-justin-thomas-in-the-missouri-natural-areas-newsletter/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/img_2797.jpegimg_27972024-04-30T21:21:44+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/04/13/growing-season-burns/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/image.pngimage2024-04-20T18:21:44+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/03/21/its-early-spring-burn-seasons-end/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/img_0341.jpegimg_03412024-03-22T02:12:23+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/02/06/stability-part-one-why-i-recommend-frequent-dormant-season-burning/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/figure-6.jpegFigure 6https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/figure-5.jpegFigure 5https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/figure-4.pngFigure 4https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/figure-3.pngFigure 3https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/figure-2.jpegFigure 2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/figure-1.jpegFigure 12024-03-21T23:21:57+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/02/20/its-spring-burn-season/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/capture.jpgCapture2024-02-20T15:32:08+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/02/10/presentation-introducing-the-wisconsin-coarse-level-metrics-assessment-for-oak-woodlands/2024-02-12T03:10:29+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2024/01/20/more-on-oak-woodlands-coarse-level-metrics-assessment/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/capture.pngcapture2024-01-22T16:24:45+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2023/12/20/a-coarse-level-metrics-assessment-for-wisconsin-oak-woodlands/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/army-lake-island-healthy-oak-woodlandsavanna-ground-layer.pngarmy-lake-island-healthy-oak-woodlandsavanna-ground-layerhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/army-lake-island-healthy-oak-woodland-groundlayer-1.jpegarmy-lake-island-healthy-oak-woodland-groundlayer-1https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/army-lake-island-healthy-oak-woodland-groundlayer.jpegarmy-lake-island-healthy-oak-woodland-groundlayerhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/img_1797.jpegimg_17972023-12-28T20:15:13+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2023/12/12/a-few-things-to-consider-for-interpreting-deever-et-al-2023-recruitment-limitation-of-early-and-late-flowering-grassland-forbs-can-be-overcome-with-transplanting-in-prairie-restorations/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/image.pngimage2023-12-12T14:06:13+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2023/10/09/new-study-shows-increased-prairie-reconstruction-success-with-increased-management-intensity-more-fire/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/image.pngimage2023-10-16T23:23:32+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2023/10/07/autumnal-burn-season/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/img_3158.jpegimg_31582023-10-08T01:31:03+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2023/10/05/change-persistence-among-prairie-grasses/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/daniel-carter_iowa-dry-mesic-prairie_photo-1.jpgdaniel-carter_iowa-dry-mesic-prairie_photo-1https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/daniel-carter_iowa-mesic-prairie_photo-2.pngdaniel-carter_iowa-mesic-prairie_photo-22023-10-08T02:53:33+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2023/04/29/prescribed-burn-season-draft-will-revise/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/img_1114.jpegimg_1114https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/img_8073.jpegimg_8073https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/img_3478.jpegimg_3478https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/img_0770-1.jpegimg_0770-1https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/img_8072.jpegimg_8072https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/black-earth-rettenmund.jpegblack-earth-rettenmundhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/img_0770.jpegimg_07702023-05-07T13:02:30+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2022/12/14/what-do-wisconsin-oak-woodlands-look-like/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/white-oak-in-mesic-herbs.jpegwhite-oak-in-mesic-herbshttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/army-lake-island-healthy-oak-woodland-groundlayer.jpegarmy-lake-island-healthy-oak-woodland-groundlayerhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/oak-island-no-work.jpegoak-island-no-workhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_9468.jpegimg_9468https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/divine-word-seminary-island-healthy-oak-woodland_savanna.jpgdivine-word-seminary-island-healthy-oak-woodland_savannahttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/lulu-mainland-woodland-canopy.jpeglulu-mainland-woodland-canopyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/lewis-oak-woodland.jpeglewis-oak-woodlandhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_8178.jpegimg_8178https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_9392.jpegimg_9392https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/img_9399-1.jpegimg_9399-12022-12-14T22:46:47+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2022/06/11/what-does-long-term-bison-grazed-prairie-look-like/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/img_0077.jpegimg_0077https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/full_dcarter_1645107082_0.jpegfull_dcarter_1645107082_0https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/full_dcarter_1645107082_2.jpegfull_dcarter_1645107082_2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/full_dcarter_1645107082_1-1.jpegfull_dcarter_1645107082_1-12022-09-23T12:00:44+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2021/10/20/thoughts-on-fire-frequency-and-refugia/2022-03-24T23:49:32+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/12/26/some-basic-guidelines-for-tallgrass-prairie-and-pollinator-habitat-seed-mixes/2022-01-11T23:55:49+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/07/07/what-counts-as-ecological-restoration/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1882.jpgDSCN1882https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1879.jpgDSCN1879https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1878.jpgDSCN1878https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1877.jpgDSCN1877https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1881.jpgDSCN1881https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1836-1.jpgDSCN1836https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1872.jpgDSCN1872https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1871.jpgDSCN1871https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1824.jpgDSCN1824https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/dscn1836.jpgDSCN18362021-04-24T23:19:38+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2021/02/24/talkin-about-bed-free-landscaping-with-natives/2021-02-25T03:29:03+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2021/02/16/some-of-the-best-information-available-for-prairie-restoration-and-management-in-the-midwest-why-we-need-a-lot-of-fire-conservative-species-hemi-parasites-etc/2021-02-16T14:26:15+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2018/09/16/1838-2018/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bypass-oaks5.jpgbypass oaks5https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bypass-oaks4.jpgbypass oaks4https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bypass-oaks3.jpgbypass oaks3The air was warm and heavy with the sweet, green smell from the fallen bole and broken limbs.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bypass-oaks2.jpgbypass oaks2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bypass-oaks1.jpgbypass oaks1https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/bypass_oaks-jpg.pngbypass_oaks.jpg1941 and 2018 images of old bur oaks. The four oaks that the arrows follow between the two years were felled on 9/16/18 to make way for a new road. The three oaks just to their east remain. 2021-02-09T02:03:23+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/11/24/army-lake-oak-woodland/2020-11-25T12:51:46+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/11/03/oak-leaves-must-burn-to-release-their-ghosts-and-set-the-stage-for-renewal/2020-11-03T21:20:56+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/03/21/franklin-savanna-another-case-study-in-ecosystem-collapse/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/kev.jpgKevhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/dan-1.pngDanhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/brian-2.pngbrianhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/sewrpc-notes.pngsewrpc noteshttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/brian-1.pngbrianhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/dan.pngDanhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/kevin-muhs.pngKevin Muhshttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/tom.pngTomhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/brian.pngbrianhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/img_6809.jpgIMG_6809In a few areas, past brush / buckthorn cutting was evident, but many, if not all, went untreated. These areas now have as much buckthorn cover as they've ever had, and the work was wasted. 2022-06-05T10:01:25+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/10/31/what-counts-as-restoration-this-does/2020-10-31T18:05:02+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/02/16/we-are-fast-losing-our-protected-prairies/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00756-1.jpgDSC00756https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00701.jpgDSC00701An ornate box turtle along gravel late through tallgrass prairie. These turtles can live long enough to witness changes within their home ranges first hand, but they are reluctant to give interviews. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00190.jpgDSC00190https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00702.jpgDSC00702https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00199.jpgDSC00199https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00751.jpgDSC00751https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00756.jpgDSC00756Owens prairie is an isolated mesic prairie surrounded on all sides by corn. The first time I saw it, it was mostly brome, and there wasn't a lot blooming. Six years later and with a lot of burning, it thrived. 2020-02-16T21:53:56+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/02/06/enter-prairie/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/large.jpeglargehttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/field-notes.pngfield notes1835 moving west along the county line between Milwaukee and Racine County. White oak, some sugar maple (it's actually black maple here) and elm along the Root River...then 29.5 chains to "Enter Prairie." Walking south just on the east side of the Root River in 2020, it was obvious that I was at an edge of something. Dry-mesic forest meeting oak woodland (under mesification), hazel hanging on, and some big white and bur oaks with shading of lower limbs evident and consumed by big-tooth aspen, basswood, and young Hill's oaks...though some respite from ash. In from the field, and it was straight to the survey notes. 2020-02-07T02:01:15+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/01/07/burning-butterfly-questions/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00989.jpgDSC00989This is what it looks like when "the Konza" burns. I was party to dozens of these. There are fritillaries, collared lizards, and box turtles here. They survive and thrive. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00997.jpgDSC00997This is what it looks like when "the Konza" burns. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00752.jpgDSC00752This mesic prairie was basically about half brome in 2003. Smooth brome was not even detectable in quadrat sampling in 2009. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00778.jpgDSC00778This dry, sandy prairie had a very robust regal fritillary population. It was burned almost annually. The regals were there in 2003, and still again when I used the sites for my dissertation research in 2009. The floral display is scaly blazingstar (Liatris squarrosa).https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dsc00776.jpgDSC00776https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/1024px-speyeria_idalia1.jpg1024px-Speyeria_idalia1If people knew the beauty of the regal fritillary, they would care about it as they do monarchs. I'm ashamed to say that I never actually photographed one, so I'm reduced to finding an image in the public domain.2020-01-08T22:38:14+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2020/01/06/rough-thoughts-on-restoration-and-diversity-from-the-arid-grass-and-sage-2/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/0r2.jpg0r2.jpghttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/or1.jpgor1.jpg2020-01-07T03:51:54+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2013/04/27/rough-thoughts-on-restoration-and-diversity-from-the-arid-grass-and-sage/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/0r2.jpg0r2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/or1.jpgor12020-01-07T03:51:57+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2014/06/29/the-white-deer-at-the-orchid-patch/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/dsc06482.jpgDSC06482I didn't raise my camera in time to catch the deer, and it wouldn't have been right anyway. I did happen upon a spot where it had bedded down and left behind white hairs. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/dsc06479.jpgDSC06479https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/trientalis_borealis_2014_1.jpgTrientalis_borealis_2014_1Starflower (Trientalis borealis)https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mitella_nuda_2014_2.jpgMitella_nuda_2014_2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/mitella_nuda_2014_1.jpgMitella_nuda_2014_1https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/cypripedium_parviflorum_makasin_2014_2.jpgCypripedium_parviflorum_makasin_2014_2The little yellow lady's slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin)https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/cypripedium_reginae_2014_2.jpgCypripedium_reginae_2014_2The showy lady's slipper (Cypripedium reginae). This orchid is becoming increasingly rare, because it requires ample light, and the boggy areas it prefers, often with some intrusion of calcareous groundwater, are increasing choked with glossy buckthorn. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/cypripedium_parviflorum_makasin_2014_6.jpgCypripedium_parviflorum_makasin_2014_6https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/cypripedium_parviflorum_makasin_2014_5.jpgCypripedium_parviflorum_makasin_2014_5https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/cypripedium_reginae_2014_4.jpgCypripedium_reginae_2014_42020-01-07T03:41:11+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2013/12/07/native-and-exotic-plants-our-words-cant-describe-them/2020-01-06T01:46:06+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2014/04/08/spring-commencing/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05529.jpgDSC05529Skunk cabbage flower--The spadix (a spike of small flowers on a fleshy stem) peaks out from a rich, wine-colored and bulbous spathe (the bract, a modified leaf, that forms the hood here enclosing the spadix). this arrangement is typical of plants in the Family Araceae. 2020-01-06T01:45:07+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2014/04/08/oh-happy-death/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05547.jpgThe view forward. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05549.jpgThe view at my feet. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05542.jpgDSC05542Standing next to my first snow trillium, it was clear I had little woods left to explore. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05541.jpgDSC055412020-01-06T01:44:25+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2014/04/29/spring-meanderings-exhibit-a/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05711.jpgDSC05711These bumble flower beetles (Euphoria inda) were buzzing around in the thousands, but not one bumped into me. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05709.jpgDSC05709My new favorite spothttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05765.jpgDSC05765Spring beauty (Claytonia virginica) in a mesic woodshttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05686.jpgDSC05686Prairie willow (Salix humilis)https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05758.jpgDSC05758Kittentails growing in dry prairiehttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05641.jpgDSC05641Pennsylvania sedge flowers remind me of truffula trees.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05726.jpgDSC05726Carex umbellata is an important, but easily overlooked, plant on hill prairies. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05738.jpgDSC05738Blood root at Lulu Lake SNAhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05680.jpgDSC05680Round-lobed hepatica near the S. Kettle Moraine State Forest HQhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dsc05658.jpgDSC05658Not-so-solitary bees--please comment with ID. 2020-01-06T01:43:53+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2014/05/01/after-the-sky-dance/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/dsc05803.jpgDSC05803American woodcock (Scolopax minor) on her nest (4/30/14)2020-01-06T01:43:29+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2014/09/05/false-foxgloves/2020-01-06T01:42:42+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2015/02/19/natural-areas-have-intrinsic-value/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/cladium.jpgcladiumCladium mariscoides in a SE Wisconsin calcareous fen.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/baptisia.jpgbaptisiaFlint Hills, KS tallgrass prairie in May. 2020-01-06T01:41:22+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2015/08/08/beulah-bog/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06091.jpgDSCN0609[1]Few-seeded sedge (Carex oligosperma) is the dominant sedge at Beulah bog. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06141.jpgDSCN0614[1]The fruits of water arum (Calla palustris), which occurred throughout the bog. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06111.jpgDSCN0611[1]Huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) and tamarack (Larix laricina) dominate much of the bog interior.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06151.jpgDSCN0615[1]Three-way sedge (Dulichium arundinaceum) reproduces mostly asexually by rhizomes, despite what the name might imply. The name refers to the three-ranked leaves that form three perfet rows when viewed from above. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06261.jpgDSCN0626[1]Tawny cotton grass (Eriophorum virginicum) is not a grass. It's a sedge that is extremely abundant at Beulah Bog and typical of bogs in SE Wisconsin. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06371.jpgDSCN0637[1]Beak-rush (here, Rhyncospora alba) is not a rush at all. It's a sedge sedge that occurs in open areas of bogs and fens. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06491.jpgDSCN0649[1]Bladderwort (here, Utricularia gibba) trap invertebrates in small bladders.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06391.jpgDSCN0639[1]A purple pitcher plant in sphagnum moss- Pitcher plants digest insects in their liquid-filled, modified leaves, which are lined with downward pointing hairs.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06431.jpgDSCN0643[1]Some open areas of the bog are absolutely covered with minute round-leaved sundews, a carnivorous plant that snares insects with the sticky drops held on stalks from their modified leaves.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/dscn06441.jpgDSCN0644[1]There is still a small area of open water in one of the depressions, surrounded on all sides by floating-mat forming sedges and other vegetation. Left undisturbed, this will eventually be sealed over.2020-01-06T01:40:48+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2016/01/30/winter-identification-of-native-and-exotic-phragmites-subspecies-in-se-wisconsin/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/native_vs_exotic_spikelets.jpgnative_vs_exotic_spikeletshttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/red_culm.jpgred_culmhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/phrag_table.jpgPhrag_tablehttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/img_0112.jpgIMG_0112https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/img_0130.jpgIMG_0130https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/img_0113.jpgIMG_0113https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/exotic_second_glume.jpgExotic_second_glumehttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/native_second_glume_21.jpgnative_second_glume_2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/native_second_glume_2.jpgnative_second_glume_2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/exotic_first_glume.jpgExotic_first_glume2020-01-06T01:40:23+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2016/02/28/ecotype-problematic-concept-in-a-changing-world/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/i2150-8925-3-11-art102-f01.pngi2150-8925-3-11-art102-f01https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/picture2.jpgPicture2https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/oligo.jpgoligohttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/dscn0782.jpgDSCN0782https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/picture1.jpgPicture1https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/59824_524889674946_830182_n.jpg59824_524889674946_830182_nhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/leaf-blower.jpgleaf blower2024-09-19T23:55:22+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2016/12/08/the-yard-2016/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/dscn12621.jpgdscn1262https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_0907.jpgimg_0907https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_04963.jpgimg_0496https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_04962.jpgimg_0496https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_04961.jpgimg_0496https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_0496.jpgimg_0496https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/dscn1266.jpgdscn1266https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/dscn1426.jpgdscn1426https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/dscn1274.jpgdscn1274https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/dscn1282.jpgdscn12822020-01-06T01:39:24+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2017/01/06/conserve-plant-diversity-first/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/viola.jpgviolaMany insect pollinators depend on a few species of locally occurring early flowering plants like this small white violet (Viola Macloskeyi). The violet has less at stake. Sure, open pollination is good, but it will follow up on this display by producing inconspicuous closed (cleistogamous flowers), ensuring a means by which to perpetuate itself. 2020-01-06T01:38:52+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2018/03/14/whip-poor-wills/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/large.jpeglarge2020-01-06T01:37:44+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2018/12/08/alternatives-to-boring-midwestern-bluegrass-and-fescue-lawns/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/picture2-e1544126030105.pngPicture2Cat's foot, a reliable host for American lady butterflies in an area that gets walked on a lothttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/picture1-e1544126085622.jpgPicture1Asters, goldenrods, and royal catchfly with little bluestem and side-oats grama late in the summerhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dscn1585.jpgDSCN1585https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dscn1561.jpgDSCN1561Prairie and meadow blazingstar, little bluestem, prairie dropseed, whild quinine, slender mountain mint, marsh milkweed and American burnett in the swale by the road. This area is swarmed by monarchs when the marsh blazingstar comes into full bloom. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dscn1532.jpgDSCN1532Young planting with wild lupine, prairie dropseed, and large-flowered beardtonguehttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dscn1530.jpgDSCN1530Smooth rose, Canada anemone, and bracted spiderwort are kept in check by other aggressive plants in the swale and are unable to aggressively spread uphill, because it is too dry and sandy on the slope. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dscn1527.jpgDSCN1527Large-flowered beardtonguehttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dscn1454.jpgDSCN1454More asters (especially Short's, Drummond's, arrow-leaved, smooth blue, and New England) and goldenrods (especially elm-leaved, zig-zag, and showy) under oak along the property linehttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dscn1431.jpgDSCN1431https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dscn1426.jpgDSCN14262024-07-01T14:03:43+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2014/12/07/new-addition-to-the-southeastern-wisconsin-flora-part-i/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/sov3.jpgsov3Basal and stem leaves https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/sov1.jpgsov1Typical plant in habitathttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/sov2.jpgsov2Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata is among several species I was the first to observe in SE Wisconsin2014-12-20T16:22:34+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/20/156/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc01146.jpgDSC01146https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc01140.jpgDSC01140https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc01154.jpgDSC01154https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc01166.jpgDSC011662014-12-04T19:41:04+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/24/partial-eclipse-over-konza/2014-12-04T19:38:30+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/08/06/keep-public-lands-public/2014-12-04T19:30:28+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/08/12/229/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc03435.jpgDSC03435Zooming out a bit, you can see that the grass is almost completely fried. Most of the green plants are rigid goldenrod, but about half of these are brown. The tall stems are last year's growth of Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis). https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc034331.jpgDSC03433This is one of the quadrats I sampled from on my restoration plots just northest of Hastings, NE. The dry vegetation is mostly indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), wild rye (Elymus canadansis), and rigid goldenrod (Oligoneuron rigidum). https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc03433.jpgDSC03433This an image of one of the quadrats I sampled from on my restoration plots just northwest of Hastings, NE. The dried vegetation is mostly indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) and rigid goldenrod (Oligoneuron rigidum). 2014-12-04T19:18:09+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2013/11/03/29714/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04445.jpgDSC04445Chokecherry over wood sedge. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04428.jpgDSC04428Broad-leaved panic grass.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04418.jpgDSC04418Allegheny blackberryhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04414.jpgDSC04414American bittersweethttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04413.jpgDSC04413A commoner beauty, Virginia creeperhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04406.jpgDSC04406Toadstool in the sand barrens. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04400.jpgDSC04400Earth stars litter a sand barren. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04397.jpgDSC04397Bent bur oak growing atop a great pile of glacial gravel and stone. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04385.jpgDSC04385Sand prairie transitions into wet prairie, fen, and shrub thicket. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/dsc04378.jpgDSC04378Blazing star pappus and sumac. 2019-01-02T11:24:38+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2013/02/27/references-for-restoration-and-conservation/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/picture1.jpgPicture1Owens prairie, an unbroken square of land on the five-figure per acre black soils of Iowa.2014-04-30T01:29:34+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2013/02/02/flowering-time-and-temperature-variation/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/quantilereg3.jpgquantilereg32013-05-20T22:11:18+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2013/05/13/born-again/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03643.jpgBitter root leavesThe leaves of bitter root emerge in response to cool-season precipitation in the interior Northwest, and they wither away before the flowers bloom.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03796.jpgBitter root populationA view of the population. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03800.jpgindividual plantLewisia rediviva growing in a rocky, volcanic substrate at the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range near Riley, OR.2013-05-13T23:40:54+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/12/18/oregon-sage-steppe/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/dsc03582.jpgDSC03582Bluebunch wheatgrass is among the dominant bunchgrasses in sage-steppe grasslands. Re-establishing it following catestrophic fires and other disturbances may be key for preventing invasion by exotic annual grasses. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/dsc03555.jpgDSC03555Seeds with a hydrophopic coating to prevent early germination. Seeds were sown in rows and covered to approximate rangeland drilling.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/dsc03580.jpgView from the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range. Juniper encroachment is evident.2013-02-20T03:30:39+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2013/01/28/what-the-january/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/814temp_new.gif814temp_newand the week after next as well!https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/610temp_new.gif610temp_newThere is a high probability that the plains will be warmer than average next week.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/ks_dm.pngks_dm1/22/13 Drought Monitor for KS.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/ruc00hr_sfc_temp.gifruc00hr_sfc_tempSurface temperature analysis for the afternoon of 1/28. 2013-01-29T15:08:33+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2013/01/08/hotter-than-ever-but-average-in-80-years/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/398500_559469082536_1170413111_n1.jpgRue Anemone at the Rochester Cemetery Savanna, IAWill anyone born in 2012 share this flower with their children? https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/398500_559469082536_1170413111_n.jpg398500_559469082536_1170413111_n2013-01-09T01:13:40+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/30/garden-in-the-drought/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03408.jpgDSC03408One of my favorite native shrubs, Amorpha fruticosa, has been impervious to the heat, and the Allium cernuum and Sporobolus heterolepis below are still doing quite well. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03414.jpgDSC03414Three out of four ingredients in the guacamole I made tonight (except the most important one) were from the garden. The pawpaw was a delicious addition, and rather unusual for July.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03403.jpgDSC03403Mid-March flowering had no negative consequences this year. I'm going to have ton of peaches very soon.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03406.jpgDSC03406Even my buffalograss is going brown (Liatris aspera in foreground).https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc03396.jpgDSC03396Scalding on Rudbeckia laciniata2012-07-31T01:54:54+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/28/seed-source-and-moving-up-the-hierarchy/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/nebiomass1.jpegnebiomassFigure 2: This shows seeded and non-seeded biomass grouped by seed source (x-axis) with values from the NE site in dark grey and values from the KS site in light grey. Establishment of seeded biomass was similar and relatively high among sources in NE compared to Kansas. In Kansas, the NE source had the highest seeded biomass (excluding the mixed source). Generally, non-seeded biomass is negatively associated with seeded biomass as the next figure shows as well. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/nebiomass.jpegnebiomasshttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/nsvsseeded.jpegnsvsseededFigure 2. Here biomass for all KS plots is in red and biomass for all NE plots is in black. Small points are values from 2010 and large points are values from 2011. I think this looks kind of threshold-ish, so that's pretty cool. https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/commongardendesign.jpgcommongardendesignFigure 1. Design of common garden showing the list of species sown on to each plot (left) and representative blocks (right, n=4 at each site). Mean temperatures and precipitation reflect 1981-2010 climatology at nearest weather stations.2012-07-28T15:40:43+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/24/niobrara-river-ponderosa-forests-burned/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/nefire.jpgnefireOne can clearly see the trace of the Niobrara River in Nebraska and the darkened footprint of a fire along the Niobrara and another large fire to the northwest in this MODIS image from July 24. Smoke still rises from both.2012-07-26T14:39:05+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/11/botany-2012/2012-07-25T21:50:13+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/11/sobering-historical-perspective-on-this-year-6-2/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/figure-1.jpgFigure 12012-07-25T21:49:10+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/16/flowering-time-and-warming-3/2012-07-25T21:48:04+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/17/7172012/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/i-need-to-move1.gifI need to moveI just authored the introduction for my dissertation at Auntie Mae's with ales in hand. This is no weather to walk home in. When I think about getting out of Dodge, I often think about Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, or place out west, but the squeeze is on.https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/i-need-to-move.gifI need to move2012-07-25T21:47:14+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/11/crazy/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/figure-2.jpgFigure 22012-07-25T21:46:40+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/14/warmest-january-june-on-record/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/warming1.jpegwarminghttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/mhkjanjun3.jpegmhkjanjunhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/warming.jpegwarminghttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/mhkjanjun2.jpegmhkjanjunhttps://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/mhkjanjun1.jpegmhkjanjun2012-07-25T21:45:50+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/16/biological-control/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/dsc033931.jpgBiological ControlA praying mantis stands guard over my peaches.2012-07-25T21:45:12+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.com/2012/07/16/sensitivity-of-phenology-to-temperature-and-precipitation-are-associated/https://prairiebotanist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/sensitivy-indices1.jpegsensitivy indices2012-07-25T21:43:25+00:00monthlyhttps://prairiebotanist.comdaily1.02026-03-02T23:00:31+00:00